<br />
Dynamics Of The Disease<br />
The parvovirus (virus causing parvo) is a bug that is extremely though and resistant. That virus can live for very long time on household objects, food containers and even on the floor. It is very diffucult to clean rugs from them. It is also thought that household vermin (like cockroaches) carry them along from place to places. It is believed that exposure to sunshine also kills the virus.<br />
<br />
Dog carrying the virus may not show sign of it immediately. It takes from one to two weeks before the dog start showing signs. That said the virus is shed in the dog's feces from day third onward. Infected dogs usually start spreading the virus before they even get noticed.<br />
<br />
The Symptoms of Parvo <br />
Symptoms related to parvovirus and not easily noticeable and they vary from case to case. They depend on the age at exposure, the size of the virus dose, the presence of maternal antibody, and the breed of dog involved. <br />
<br />
The most common form of parvovirus infection is a sudden (acute) inflammation of the small intestine or enteritis. You will notice that your dog is depressed, vomiting and very much dehydrated. It is also common to notice bloody stools. If you start noticing bloody stool shed by your dog, immediately consult a veterinarian.<br />
<br />
Diagnosis <br />
Even though there may be signs that your dog may have parvovirus, the best way to know is to have a professional diagnose it using lab techniques. The test is an ELISA test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Early in the disease, this test can be negative. Virus isolation is possible but the procedure is quite expensive and rarely done. In practice, the presence of an acute hemorrhagic diarrhea is usually all that is required for a tentative diagnosis of parvovirus. <br />
<br />
Treatment<br />
Treatment of parvovirus is directed at correcting the life-threatening dehydration that accompanies the diarrhea with intravenous fluids (lactated ringers solution with bicarbonate). Ten to forty milliliters per pound is given initially and then a slow intravenous drip may stabilize these dogs. Once the initial dehydration is corrected, maintenance fluids can also be given subcutaneously. We also give medicines that relax intestinal spasms such as metoclopramide (Reglan, 0.1-0.25mg/lb three or four times a day) and trimethobenzamide (Tigan, 1.5mg/lb three times a day). Besides this, the dogs are placed on antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infection through the damaged small intestine (cephalothin, Keflin @ 5-15mg/pound given four times a day intramuscularly or intravenously). Early in the disease dogs may run a short period of fever. But puppies' temperatures often drop to subnormal a few days later. These dogs need additional sources of heat. It helps to sit with the dog, pet it and encourage its will to live. Many of the younger dogs have hookworm infestations that make the parvovirus disease more severe. As soon as these dogs can hold down liquids, I worm them with pyrantel pamoate (Strongid, Nemex, 2.5mg/pound).<br />
Some veterinarians give the dogs small doses of butorphanol tartrate (Torbugesic 0.05-0.1mg/pound intramuscularly) to relieve the severe abdominal pain that accompanies this disease.<br />
<br />
Dogs and puppies that begin to accept small portions of food invariably are on the road to recovery. Wagging their tail is also a good sign. Despite all my efforts, many young dogs with parvo do not survive. <br />
<br />
Parvovirus is still a major threat to dogs in the United States and a common cause of mortality in puppies. Due to the resistance of the virus to antiseptics, heat and drying it is impossible to manage a kennel to be 100% safe from this disease. No matter what puppy vaccination schedule is used, there will be a window of susceptibility when puppies are at risk of disease if exposure occurs. Rapid veterinary care can save many infected dogs but some will die from the disease despite excellent care.<br />
<br />
Canine parvovirus is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs. The disease is highly infectious and is spread from dog to dog by direct or indirect contact with their feces. It can be especially severe in puppies that are not protected by maternal antibodies or vaccination. Read this article if you want to know the Dynamics Of The Disease, The Symptoms and treatment for parvovirus in dogs.<br />
<br />
Dynamics Of The Disease<br />
The parvovirus (virus causing parvo) is a bug that is extremely though and resistant. That virus can live for very long time on household objects, food containers and even on the floor. It is very diffucult to clean rugs from them. It is also thought that household vermin (like cockroaches) carry them along from place to places. It is believed that exposure to sunshine also kills the virus.<br />
<br />
Dog carrying the virus may not show sign of it immediately. It takes from one to two weeks before the dog start showing signs. That said the virus is shed in the dog's feces from day third onward. Infected dogs usually start spreading the virus before they even get noticed.<br />
<br />
The Symptoms of Parvo <br />
Symptoms related to parvovirus and not easily noticeable and they vary from case to case. They depend on the age at exposure, the size of the virus dose, the presence of maternal antibody, and the breed of dog involved. <br />
<br />
The most common form of parvovirus infection is a sudden (acute) inflammation of the small intestine or enteritis. You will notice that your dog is depressed, vomiting and very much dehydrated. It is also common to notice bloody stools. If you start noticing bloody stool shed by your dog, immediately consult a veterinarian.<br />
<br />
Diagnosis <br />
Even though there may be signs that your dog may have parvovirus, the best way to know is to have a professional diagnose it using lab techniques. The test is an ELISA test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Early in the disease, this test can be negative. Virus isolation is possible but the procedure is quite expensive and rarely done. In practice, the presence of an acute hemorrhagic diarrhea is usually all that is required for a tentative diagnosis of parvovirus. <br />
<br />
Treatment<br />
Treatment of parvovirus is directed at correcting the life-threatening dehydration that accompanies the diarrhea with intravenous fluids (lactated ringers solution with bicarbonate). Ten to forty milliliters per pound is given initially and then a slow intravenous drip may stabilize these dogs. Once the initial dehydration is corrected, maintenance fluids can also be given subcutaneously. We also give medicines that relax intestinal spasms such as metoclopramide (Reglan, 0.1-0.25mg/lb three or four times a day) and trimethobenzamide (Tigan, 1.5mg/lb three times a day). Besides this, the dogs are placed on antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infection through the damaged small intestine (cephalothin, Keflin @ 5-15mg/pound given four times a day intramuscularly or intravenously). Early in the disease dogs may run a short period of fever. But puppies' temperatures often drop to subnormal a few days later. These dogs need additional sources of heat. It helps to sit with the dog, pet it and encourage its will to live. Many of the younger dogs have hookworm infestations that make the parvovirus disease more severe. As soon as these dogs can hold down liquids, I worm them with pyrantel pamoate (Strongid, Nemex, 2.5mg/pound).<br />
Some veterinarians give the dogs small doses of butorphanol tartrate (Torbugesic 0.05-0.1mg/pound intramuscularly) to relieve the severe abdominal pain that accompanies this disease.<br />
<br />
Dogs and puppies that begin to accept small portions of food invariably are on the road to recovery. Wagging their tail is also a good sign. Despite all my efforts, many young dogs with parvo do not survive. <br />
<br />
Parvovirus is still a major threat to dogs in the United States and a common cause of mortality in puppies. Due to the resistance of the virus to antiseptics, heat and drying it is impossible to manage a kennel to be 100% safe from this disease. No matter what puppy vaccination schedule is used, there will be a window of susceptibility when puppies are at risk of disease if exposure occurs. Rapid veterinary care can save many infected dogs but some will die from the disease despite excellent care.</p>
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